struct ListNode {
    int data;           // 存储的数据
    ListNode* next;     // 指向下一个节点的指针
<pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>// 构造函数，方便初始化
ListNode(int val) : data(val), next(nullptr) {}

};

ListNode* head = nullptr;
<p>void insertAtHead(int val) {
ListNode* newNode = new ListNode(val);
newNode->next = head;
head = newNode;
}</p>

void insertAtPos(int pos, int val) {
    if (pos == 0) {
        insertAtHead(val);
        return;
    }
<pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>ListNode* curr = head;
for (int i = 0; curr != nullptr && i < pos - 1; ++i) {
    curr = curr->next;
}

if (curr == nullptr) return; // 位置越界

ListNode* newNode = new ListNode(val);
newNode->next = curr->next;
curr->next = newNode;

}

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void deleteByValue(int val) {
    ListNode* temp = head;
<pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>if (temp != nullptr && temp->data == val) {
    head = temp->next;
    delete temp;
    return;
}

ListNode* prev = nullptr;
while (temp != nullptr && temp->data != val) {
    prev = temp;
    temp = temp->next;
}

if (temp == nullptr) return; // 未找到

prev->next = temp->next;
delete temp;

}

void printList() {
    ListNode* curr = head;
    while (curr != nullptr) {
        <strong>std::cout</strong> << curr->data << " -> ";
        curr = curr->next;
    }
    <strong>std::cout</strong> << "nullptr" << std::endl;
}