d = {'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}
<h1>按键排序</h1><p>sorted_by_key = dict(sorted(d.items()))
print(sorted_by_key)</p><h1>输出: {'apple': 4, 'banana': 3, 'orange': 2, 'pear': 1}</h1>

d = {'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}
<h1>按值升序排序</h1><p>sorted_by_value = dict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]))
print(sorted_by_value)</p><h1>输出: {'pear': 1, 'orange': 2, 'banana': 3, 'apple': 4}</h1><h1>按值降序排序</h1><p>sorted_by_value_desc = dict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True))
print(sorted_by_value_desc)</p><h1>输出: {'apple': 4, 'banana': 3, 'orange': 2, 'pear': 1}</h1>

# 获取按值排序的键列表
keys_sorted_by_value = sorted(d, key=d.get)
print(keys_sorted_by_value)
# 输出: ['pear', 'orange', 'banana', 'apple']
<h1>获取排序后的值列表</h1><p>values_sorted = sorted(d.values())
print(values_sorted)</p><h1>输出: [1, 2, 3, 4]</h1>